Legal Research and Reform for Better India
The court clarified that for an act to constitute an atrocity under this section, there must be a specific intent to humiliate. It is not enough for an insult to occur; the accused must have the knowledge or awareness that the victim belongs to a SC or ST. The court noted that this awareness could be inferred from long-term association or residence in the same locality.
The Union has exclusive power for reasons connected with defense, foreign affairs, or the security of India (List I, Entry 9).
Both the Union and States have concurrent power for reasons connected with the security of a State, maintenance of public order, or maintenance of supplies and services essential to the community (List III, Entry 3).
The phenomenon of anonymity acting as a catalyst for indecent, obscene, and explicitly carnal content online is best understood through the psychological lens of the Online Disinhibition Effect. When individuals interact through faceless profiles, they experience a profound separation between their real-world identities and their digital actions.
Australia’s groundbreaking social media ban for children under 16 took effect on December 10, 2025, making it the world’s first national legislation of its kind. The law, passed in November 2024 with broad bipartisan support, aims to shield young users from online harms like cyberbullying, mental health issues, and exposure to inappropriate content.
Studies on Bharatiya adults reveal motives like fantasy fulfillment and emotional distraction as common, with those engaging problematically showing heightened tendencies toward these escapes. For many, the validation comes from viewer interactions, likes, and shares, reinforcing a cycle where exposure equates to worth, though it often leads to diminished interpersonal skills and resilience.
This article traces this historical trajectory, highlighting how regulations have sought to protect societal values against the encroachment of permissive ideologies. Same is applicable in other western countries, as dressing sense of western people, even a century ago was covering whole body with multiple layers of clothes. The Victorian code of covering whole body changed the perspective. When Europeans entered in Bharat, they found that people living here were having variety of clothing depending upon their region and based on the environment.
ocial media platforms have transitioned into primary distributors of adult content, onboarding users through seamless interfaces that facilitate rapid dissemination. In Bharat, this has exacerbated issues, as evidenced by government crackdowns: in July 2025, 25 OTT platforms were blocked for streaming obscene content, reflecting a broader proliferation on social networks.
The 2000s heralded the internet’s mass adoption in Bharat, transforming obscenity from tangible media to ubiquitous digital content. With broadband penetration rising from 0.2% in 2000 to over 2% by 2010, platforms like Orkut and early YouTube facilitated easy access to explicit material, redefining “lewdness” as instantaneous and borderless.